NumPy

NumPy is one of the most widely-used open-source Python libraries. It is used to perform scientific computation. Its mathematical functions built into the library allow rapid computation, and it can also handle large matrices and multidimensional data. It is also utilized for linear algebra. NumPy Array is frequently preferred to lists since it requires less memory and is more practical and efficient.

According to NumPy’s official website, it’s an open-source project that aims to allow numerical computation using Python. It was founded in 2005 and is based on the work done in the beginning on The Numeric and Numarray libraries. One of the great benefits of NumPy is that it is made available under the amended BSD license, which means it is always accessible to everyone for free.

Pandas

Pandas is an open-source program widely employed to study data. It is used to analyze data as well as data manipulation and clean data. Pandas can be used for basic data modeling and analysis operations without writing lots of code. They state on their website that Pandas is a powerful, fast, user-friendly, flexible, and simple open-source tool for data analysis and manipulation. The main attributes of this library are:

• DataFrames, which permit rapid, efficient manipulation of data and also integrate indexing.
  
  
• A variety of tools allow users to read and write data in-memory data structures and various formats, such as Excel files, text files, CSV documents, Microsoft, HDF5 formats, and SQL databases.
  
  
• Intelligent label-based slicing using smart labels, intricate indexing techniques, as well as subsetting of massive data sets.
  
  
• Data sets that are high-performance joined and merging.
  
  
• A strong grouping engine that enables data aggregation or transformation allowing users to perform split-apply-combine operations on sets of data.
  
  
• Time series-based functionality allows the generation of date ranges and frequency conversion, moving windows stats, the shift of dates, and the ability to lag. You’ll also be able to connect time series to make time offsets for specific domains without worrying about losing data.
  
  
• It is ideal for crucial codes that are written using C and Cython.

Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a large library that can create interactive, fixed, or animatable Python visualizations. There are a variety of third-party programs that utilize Matplotlib’s features and include a variety of higher-level plotting interfaces.

Matplotlib is created to be as efficient as MATLAB but with the added advantage of making use of Python. It also benefits from the advantages of being an open and free source. It lets the user visualize data with many different plots, including scatterplots, histograms, bar charts, error charts, and boxplots. Furthermore, these visualizations can be created using just a few codes.

Seaborn

Another well-known framework is based on Matplotlib. Python Data visualization tool, Seaborn, is an advanced interface to create visually appealing and useful statistical visualizations that are essential in understanding and studying the data. The Python library is tightly linked to the NumPy and the pandas’ database structures. The principle driving Seaborn seeks to create a visualization, a vital element for data exploration and analysis. Therefore the algorithms used to plot data use data frames covering whole datasets.

Plotly

The widely-used open-source graphing software Plotly can be utilized to create interactive visualizations of data. Plotly was developed on the Plotly JavaScript library (plotly.js) and is utilized in creating web-based visualizations that can be saved to HTML documents or shown using Jupyter notebooks or web-based applications with Dash.

It offers more than 40 different chart types, including the scatter plot, histograms, bar charts, line charts, pie charts, error bars boxes plots, box plots with sparklines, multiple axes dendrograms, and 3-D charts. Plotly also provides contour plots that aren’t as common in other libraries for data visualization.

Scikit-Learn

The words scikit-learn and machine learning are not separate. Scikit-learn is one of the most popular machine learning libraries in Python. Based upon NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib, it’s an open-source Python library that can be used commercially within the BSD license. It is an easy and effective tool for analyses of data that are predictive.

The project was first launched in 2007 as an initiative of the Google Summer of Code project Scikit-learn was a community-driven initiative. Still, private and institutional funding helps to ensure its longevity.

TensorFlow

TensorFlow is a well-known open-source library that enables high-performance numerical computation developed by members of the Google Brain Team at Google and is an essential component for deep-learning research.

According to their official site, TensorFlow is an open-source, end-to-end machine learning platform. It provides a vast range of tools, which are flexible libraries, tools, and community-based tools for scientists and researchers.

A few of the features of TensorFlow that have made it a well-known and widely used deep-learning library are:

• Models can be created easily.
  
  
• Complex Numeric Computations are feasible in a way that can be scaled.
  
  
• TensorFlow is abundant in APIs and has high-level APIs and low-level APIs that are available in Python and C.
  
  
• Simple deployment and calculation with GPU and CPU.
  
  
• Includes pre-trained models as well as datasets.
  
  
• Pre-trained models for mobile embedded devices as well as production.
  
  
• Tensorboard is a toolkit that uses TensorFlow’s visualization toolkit to record and track experiments and model training.
  
  
• Compatible with Keras, an API of high-level TensorFlow.

Keras

Keras is a deep-learning API specifically designed for humans, not machines. Keras is based on best practices to minimize cognitive load. It provides an easy and consistent API that reduces the number of user actions required in common scenarios and offers explicit and concrete errors. Keras is so simple that TensorFlow implemented Keras as their primary API for their TF 2.0 release.

Keras provides a more simple method to express neural networks. It provides several of the top tools to develop models, data set processing, graph graphs, graph analysis, and much more.

Features:

• It runs well on both GPU and CPU.
  
  
• It can support nearly every model of neural networks, including embedding, convolutional, pooling, recurrent and more. The models can also be combined to create more complicated models.
  
  
• Keras, as a modular system in its nature, is extremely expressive, flexible, and suitable for cutting-edge research.
  
  
• It is extremely simple to understand and investigate.

PyTorch

PyTorch is an advanced machine learning framework that drastically accelerates the process from research prototypes to production deployment. It is a tensor library that has been optimized that allows deep learning to be performed using GPUs as well as CPUs. It is believed as an alternative to TensorFlow. In the past few years, the popularity of PyTorch has increased to surpass TensorFlow in Google trends.

It was created and managed through Facebook and is accessible for use under BSD.

As per PyTorch’s web site of official PyTorch website, the most important features of PyTorch include:

• It effortlessly switches between graph and eager modes thanks to TorchScript and speeds up the process to production using TorchServe.
  
  
• It can provide scalable for training distributed and optimization of performance in production, research, and development. This is enabled through the torch-distributed backend.
  
  
• A wide range of libraries and tools extends PyTorch and helps develop computer vision, NLP, and other fields.
  
  
• Comprehensive support for the most popular cloud platforms.

If you find anything incorrect in the above-discussed topic and have further questions, please comment below.

Connect on: